love pics

send these pics to all your friends
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for tutorial collection visit www.vapvarun.in

Pledge to make India 100% educated country.

nice girls

for full collection visit www.vapvarun.com
for tutorial collection visit www.vapvarun.in

Pledge to make India 100% educated country.

Pledge to make India 100% educated country.

Online tutorials

What is it?

Online tutoring is a process of live interaction between a student and teacher across the medium of a broadband internet network

As competition increases in the classroom and the job market, it has become difficult to differentiate between classes in schools and coaching centers. Learning programs were intended to provide individualized coaching. In recent times however, they have expanded to an extent where a single students' concerns have been replaced by the demands of the masses.

At KNOWLEDGEQ, we believe that every student is unique, and so are we! Online tutoring is turning the focus back to the individual. With the click of a mouse, you can access high quality, live, and interactive learning from the safety and comfort of your own home. At a time convenient to you!

Each student is different, and so is their learning style. With this in mind, the goal of online tutoring is to provide customized teaching services for every student. This process seeks to bring back the fun of learning with highly interesting and relevant methods. The lessons are flexible, and are tailor-made according to the students' varying needs and abilities.

Learning is a collaborative process. In particular, online learning follows the Constructivist approach where learning is a process of discovery, assimilation and application. This approach needs a high amount of student-teacher and peer interaction.

Contact us at www.vapvarun.in for computer education

Guide to the students

An article from indiatimes.com

 

Q. In the Indian perspective, what do you think are the emerging career options?

 
 

A: The Indian economy is more mature and is strongly working towards becoming a world power. India is doing well in sectors such as manufacturing, banking, financial services, etc. It is also doing well in the retail and hospitality space. Hence, there are many areas a student can look at.

 
 

Q. It is said that generally the education system in India is theory based, is WLC any different?

 
 

A: What we have seen is that though Indian students are extremely bright, they lack the ability to apply such knowledge in practice. At WLC we not just look into the grades but also how students approach the questions, solve case studies, research projects and discussions. We have a gradation system as well as a monitored performance check. We have traineeship programs for our students, wherein they can work while they study and they are also evaluated on this experience. We take a feedback from the organization they intern with.

 
 

Q. What is the demand of Indian professionals in the international scenario?

 
 

A: There is a huge demand for Indian professionals globally especially in the software segment. UK is even changing its visa policies to attract and retain talent in the country.

 
 

Q. How are students trained to face the corporate world?

 
 

A: Students are introduced to soft skills that they need on the job such as communication skills, interview skills, and team and time management. It helps students to perform better and handle pressure in a positive manner. There are also games, movies and small exercises outside the classroom that motivates students.

 
 

Q. What is the admission procedure in WLC?

 
 

A: There is a general aptitude test, a professional aptitude test followed by an interview and a counseling session.

 

Contact us at www.vapvarun.in

For students

An article from indiatimes

 

I made it in life by focusing on one goal at a time and devoting myself to it, which includes making the sacrifices one needs to make to make it happen. If one were to ask me what my success mantra is, I'd say, to keep striving to achieve your potential; whatever level that might be. Make everyone associated with your work/ goals happy, the rest will follow.

Success happens when you least expect it. And the joy of success is also manifold when you don't expect it. I never expected my first book Five Point Someone to be such a stupendous success. And I'm still surprised by its success, since English novels have never really taken off in our country; they've never been sold in millions.

 
 

Focus and determination are extremely important for being successful. However, it should come naturally. If you have to force yourself to be focussed or determined, you will wear out.

 
 

I have taken criticism reasonably well. I have always tried to take the constructive parts while ignoring the rest.

 
 

There wasn't any defining moment or turning point in my life. I had a tough childhood, so I knew I would do what it takes to make my life better.

 
 

But I think luck plays a part in success when you define success with an external measure of achievement. If success is just doing your best, then luck has a limited role. Still, luck does matter at one level.

 
 

Success is over-rated. There's a lot of focus on success. But it's also essential to know how to manage your success and yourself. If success goes to your head, it could make you arrogant and rude. But if you're not grounded, you can't go to the next level. So, being obsessed with success is not humanity. This is where spirituality comes in. Spirituality not only makes me more confident, it humbles me as well. I understand that there's a higher power that's beyond me, and that keeps my ego in check.

 
 

Courage is also important in achieving one's goals, as it takes courage to try something new and open yourself up to being judged. Courage separates the leaders from the conformists.

 
 

My message to the youth of today would be to not be serious, but be sincere.

 

Contact us at www.vapvarun.in

Friend ship quotes

"A friend is one who knows us, but loves us anyway."

- Jerome Cummings

 

"Only your real friends tell you when your face is dirty."

- Sicilian Proverb

 

"What is a friend? I will tell you...it is someone with whom

you dare to be yourself."

- Frank Crane

 

"A good friend remembers what we were and sees what we can be."

- Unknown

 

"Don't be dismayed at good-byes. A farewell is necessary before you can

meet again. And meeting again, after moments or lifetimes,

is certain for those who are friends."

- Richard Bach

 

"A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out."

- Walter Winchell

 

"The only way to have a friend is to be one."

- Ralph Waldo Emerson

 

"A friend is someone who is there for you when he'd rather be somewhere else."

- Unknown

 

"All love that has not friendship for its base,

is like a mansion built upon the sand."

- Ella Wheeler Wilcox

 

"A mirror reflects a man's face, but what he is really like

is shown by the kind of friends he chooses."

- Proverbs 27:19

 

"In a friend you find a second self."

- Isabelle Norton

 

"The better you know someone, the less there is to say.

Or maybe, there's less that needs to be said."

- Unknown

 

"A friend loveth at all times."

- Proverbs 17:17

 

"Your friends will know you better in the first minute they meet you

than your acquaintances will know you in a thousand years."

- Richard Bach

 

"Every gift from a friend is a wish for your happiness..."

- Richard Bach

 

"Can miles truly separate us from friends?

If we want to be with someone we love, aren't we already there?"

- Richard Bach

 

"Never shall I forget the days I spent with you. Continue to be my friend,

as you will always find me yours."

- Ludwig van Beethoven

 

"A friend hears the song in my heart and sings it to me when my memory fails."

- Unknown

 

"A part of you has grown in me. And so you see, it's you and me

together forever and never apart, maybe in distance, but never in heart."

- Unknown

 

"Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows."

- Unknown

 

"Friends are those rare people who ask how you are

and then wait to hear the answer."

- Unknown

 

"The most beautiful discovery that true friends can make is that

they can grow separately without growing apart."

- Unknown

 

"A friend is someone who reaches out for your hand...and touches your heart."

- Unknown

 

"How lucky I am to have known someone who was so hard to say goodbye to."

- Unknown

 

"Some people come into our lives,

leave footprints on our hearts,

and we are never the same."

- Unknown

 

"I don't remember how we happened to meet each other.

I don't remember who got along with whom first.

All I can remember is all of us together...always."

- Unknown

 

"Love is temporary...but friends are forever."

- Kelly Wheeler

 

"Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light."

- Helen Keller

 

"You only meet your once in a lifetime friend... once in a lifetime."

- Little Rascals

 

"...no man is useless

while he has a friend."

- Robert Louis Stevenson

 

"The friendship that can cease has never been real."

- Saint Jerome

 

"Without friends no one would choose to live, though he had all other goods."

- Artistotle

 

"Friends are born, not made."

- Henry Adams

 

"Well, it seems to me that the best relationships--the ones that last--

are frequently the ones that are rooted in friendship.

You know, one day you look at the person and you see something more

than you did the night before. Like a switch has been flicked somewhere.

And the person who was just a friend is...suddenly

the only person you can ever imagine yourself with."

- Dana Scully (The X-Files)

 

"Each friend represents a world in us,

a world possibly not born until they arrive,

and it is only by this meeting that a new world is born."

- Ana�s Nin

 

"A circle is round it has no end,

that's how long I want to be your friend!"

- Anonymous

 

"To the world you may be just one person,

but to one person you may be the world."

- Unknown

 

"A friend is like an oreo,

its not always that great,

but it always gets better!"

- Erin Westbrook

 

"A best friend is a sister that destiny forgot to give you."

- Unknown

 

"It takes years to build up trust,

and just seconds to destroy it."

- Unknown

 

"No love, no friendship can cross the path of our destiny

without leaving some kind of mark on it forever."

- Unknown

 

"Friends are the bacon bits in the salad bowl of life."

- Uknown

 

"When a friend's in trouble,

don't insult him by asking what you can do,

think for yourself and start doing it."

- Unknown

 

Friendship involves man things but, above all the power of going

outside oneself and appreciating what is noble and loving in

another.

- Thomas Huxley

 

I thank God for the way he made you, distinct, special and

unique. You were not made from a common mold.

- Erwin W. Lutzer

 

Blessed are they who have the gift of making friends, for it is one of

God's greatest gifts.

 

It involves many things, but above all the power of going out of

one's self and appreciating what is noble and loving in another.

- Thomas Hughes

my teacher

this is my teacher photographs. he is very delighting person. he have command over tantra, mantra, and aghori panth.

he belong to sultanpur district of ittar pradesh. he start all the things at the age of 10. he is very cool minded person and very religious

person.

Pledge to make India 100% educated country.

मध्यान्ह भोजन योजना

मध्यान्ह भोजन योजना एक अत्यन्त जनोपयोगी योजना है जो भारत सरकार तथा राज्य सरकार के समवेत प्रयासो से संचालित है। भारत सरकार द्वारा यह योजना 15 अगस्त, 1955 को लागू की गयी थी, जिसके अन्तर्गत कक्षा 1 से 5 तक प्रदेश के सरकारी/परिषदीय/राज्य सरकार द्वारा सहायता प्राप्त प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में पढ़ने वाले सभी बच्चों को 80 प्रतिशत उपस्थिति पर प्रतिमाह 03 किग्रा० गेहूँ अथवा चावल दिये जाने की व्यवस्था की गयी थी। किन्तु योजना के अन्तर्गत छात्रों को दिये जाने वाले खाद्यान्न का पूर्ण लाभ छात्र को न प्राप्त होकर उसके परिवार के मध्य बँट जाता था, क्योंकि पूर्व में पके-पकाये भोजन की व्यवस्था नही थी। इससे छात्र को वांछित पौष्टिक तत्व कम मात्रा में प्राप्त होते थे। मा० सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा दिनांक 28 नवम्बर, 2001 को दिये गये निर्देश के क्रम में प्रदेश में दिनांक 01 सितम्बर, 2004 से पका-पकाया भोजन प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में उपलब्ध कराने की योजना आरम्भ कर दी गयी है। इस योजना के माध्यम से वित्तीय वर्ष 2007-08 में प्रदेश के प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में अध्ययनरत लगभग 1.94 करोड़ बच्चों को प्रतिदिन पका-पकाया भोजन विद्यालय में दिया जाना प्रस्तावित है। योजना के क्रियान्वयन हेतु मध्यान्ह भोजन प्राधिकरण का गठन निम्न उद्देश्य को ध्यान रखकर किया गया है:- प्रदेश के राजकीय, परिषदीय तथा राज्य सरकार द्वारा सहायता प्राप्त अर्ह प्राथमिक विद्यालयों ई०जी०एस० एवं ए०आई०ई० केन्द्रों में अध्ययनरत बच्चों को पौष्टिक भोजन उपलब्ध कराना। पौष्टिक भोजन उपलब्ध करा कर बच्चों में शिक्षा ग्रहण करने की क्षमता को विकसित करना। विद्यालयों में छात्र संख्या बढ़ाना। प्राथमिक कक्षाओं में छात्रों में विद्यालय में रूकने की प्रवृत्ति विकसित करना तथा ड्राप आउट रेट कम करना। बच्चों में भाई-चारे की भावना विकसित करना तथा विभिन्न जातियों एवं धर्मो के मध्य के अन्तर को दूर करने हेतु उन्हे एक साथ बिठाकर भोजन कराना ताकि उनमें अच्छी समझ पैदा हो। योजनान्तर्गत पके-पकाये भोजन की व्यवस्था इस योजनान्तर्गत विद्यालयों में मध्यावकाश में छात्र-छात्राओं को स्वादिष्ट एवं रूचिकर भोजन प्रदान किया जाता है। योजनान्तर्गत प्रत्येक छात्र को सप्ताह में 4 दिन चावल के बने भोज्य पदार्थ तथा 2 दिन गेहूं से बने भोज्य पदार्थ दिये जाने की व्यवस्था की गयी है। प्रत्येक छात्र/छात्रा को प्रतिदिन 100 ग्राम खाद्यान्न से निर्मित सामाग्री दी जाती है। खाद्यान्न से भोजन पकाने के लिए परिवर्तन लागत की व्यवस्था की गयी है। परिवर्तन लागत से सब्जी, तेल, मसाले एवं अन्य सामग्रियों की व्यवस्था की जाती है। उपलब्ध कराये जा रहे भोजन में कम से कम 450 कैलोरी ऊर्जा व 12 ग्राम प्रोटीन उपलब्ध होना चाहिए। परिवर्धित पोषण मानक के अनुसार मीनू में व्यापक परिवर्तन किया गया है, तथा इसका व्यापक प्रसार-प्रचार किया गया है। खाद्यान्न की व्यवस्था मध्यान्ह भोजन के क्रियान्वयन अर्थात् भोजन पकाने का कार्य ग्राम पंचायतों की देख-रेख में किया जा रहा है। भोजन बनाने हेतु आवश्यक खाद्यान्न (गेहूं एवं चावल) जो फूड कारपोरेशन आँफ इण्डिया से नि:शुल्क प्रदान किया जाता है, उसे सरकारी सस्ते-गल्ले की दुकान से प्राप्त कर ग्राम प्रधान द्वारा अपनी देख-रेख में विद्यालय परिसर में बने किचेनशेड में भोजन तैयार कराया जाता है भोजन बनाने हेतु लगने वाली अन्य आवश्यक सामग्री की व्यवस्था करने का दायित्व भी ग्राम प्रधान का ही है। इस हेतु उसे परिवर्तन लागत भी उपलब्ध का कार्य स्वयंसेवी संस्थाओं द्वारा किया जा रहा है। भोजन बनाने हेतु वित्तीय व्यवस्था योजना के प्रारम्भ से 14 अगस्त, 2006 तक खाद्यान्न से भोजन बनाने हेतु 1 रूपया/प्रति बच्चा प्रति दिन की दर से परिवर्तन लागत भारत सरकार द्वारा दी जा रही थी। 15 अगस्त, 2006 से रूपये 2/- प्रति छात्र प्रति दिन की दर से दिया गया है। इस राशि का 25 प्रतिशत उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार द्वारा वहन किया जा रहा है। वित्तीय वर्ष 2006-07 में योजनान्तर्गत कुल रू० 62648.98 लाख की वित्तीय स्वीकृति जारी हुई थी। भोजन हेतु मीनू की व्यवस्था मध्यान्ह भोजन की विविधता हेतु सप्ताह के प्रत्येक कार्यदिवस हेतु भिन्न-2 प्रकार का भोजन (मीनू) दिये जाने की व्यवस्था की गई है, जिससे भोजन के सभी पोषक तत्व उपलब्ध हो तथा वह बच्चों की अभिरूचि के अनुसर भी हो। मीनू निर्धारित होने से पारदर्शिता आई है तथा जन-समुदाय मीनू के अनुपालन की स्थिति को ज्ञात करने में सक्षम हो सका है। अनुश्रवण एवं पर्यवेक्षक की व्यवस्था विद्यालयों में पके-पकाये भोजन की उपलब्धता सुनिश्चित करने हेतु नगर क्षेत्र स्तर पर वार्ड समिति एवं ग्राम पंचायत स्तर पर ग्राम पंचायत समिति का गठन किया गया है। मण्डल स्तर पर योजना के अनुश्रवण और पर्यवेक्षण हेतु मण्डलीय सहायक निदेशक (बेसिक शिक्षा) को दायित्व सौंपा गया है। जनपद स्तर पर योजना के अनुश्रवण एवं पर्यवेक्षण हेतु जिलाधिकारी को नोडल अधिकारी का ‍दायित्‍व सौंपा गया है। विकास ख्ण्ड स्तर पर उप जिलाधिकारी की अध्यक्षता में टास्क फोर्स गठित की गयी है, जिसमें सहायक बेसिक शिक्षा अधिकारी/प्रति उप विद्यालय निरीक्षक को सदस्य सचिव के रूप में नियुक्त किया गया है।

all the content taken from up government website. these are the rules made for the mid day meal project. all the details above is also working but it have also some faults. children come to school to take meal only and most of time of teacher which is precious for the students is wasted to manage the mid day meal.

Today physics jokes

The answer to the problem was 'log(1+x)'. A student copied the answer from the good student next to him, but didn't want to make it obvious that he was cheating, so he changed the answer slightly, to 'timber(1+x)'

 

for more jokes visit http://shashank.wave.googlepages.com, www.vapvarun.in/fzone

 

 

Bohr moved in atomic circles while Schrodinger waved and Heisenberg
hesitated.

 

For more jokes visit http://shashank.wave.googlepages.com, www.vapvarun.in/fzone

 

 

One day a physics professor was discussing a complicated
concept. A pre-medical student rudely interrupted to ask, "Why do we have
to learn this pointless topic."

"To save lives." the professor responded quickly and continued the
lecture.

A few minutes later, the same student spoke up again. "So how does
physics save lives?" he persisted.

"It keeps the ignoramuses like you out of medical school," replied the
professor.

 

For more jokes visit http://shashank.wave.googlepages.com, www.vapvarun.in/fzone

 

 

Question: What is the difference between a Quantum Theorist and a Beauty Therapist?

Answer: The Quantum Theorist uses Planck's constant as a foundation, whereas the Beauty Therapist uses Max Factor.

 

For more jokes visit http://shashank.wave.googlepages.com , www.vapvarun.in/fzone

 

 

Question: What is horsepower?

Answer: The power it takes to drag a horse a given distance in a given amount of time.

 

 

For more jokes visit http://shashank.wave.googlepages.com , www.vapvarun.in/fzone

 

 

Important Task: To change a bulb
Question: How many physicists does it take to change a light bulb?
Answer: Ten; one to change the bulb and nine to theory about how to change it.

Question: How many quantum physicists does it take to change a light bulb?
Answer:  They can't. If they know where the socket is, they cannot locate the new bulb.

Question: How many astronomers does it take to change a light bulb?
Answer:  None, astronomers prefer the dark.

 

 

Girls: if an annoying boy is trying to chat you up say: "U knows what.....you have a magnetic personality" (I bet he smiles), now say: "you repel me!"

Santa Singh got his promotion and become an officer in Punjab Government. To keep up with his status, he decided to speak only in English to all his subordinates.

One morning, his peon peeped through the door to see if his boss was busy. Santa Singh noticed him and shouted, why you are outstanding! Please income.

 

 

For more jokes visit http://shashank.wave.googlepages.com, www.vapvarun.in/fzone

Pledge to make India 100% educated country.

There are so many woes about the education system back home. While I have not found the education system here to be necessarily better, it is definitely prioritized higher. The school system leading up to college is extremely competitive. You may think that the system in the US is competitive as well, but this is truly on a different level. Nearly all school children take tuitions (essentially extra classes after school) throughout their elementary and high school years in order to keep up. Kids are routinely held back to repeat a year, and many don’t make it through the system at all, and (for that or financial reasons) go on to menial labor jobs.
In the school system here, all of the grades are based on tests, and the test scores follow you on your record starting in the 10th grade. Not too dissimilar to the US, but unlike the US, the job market is largely based on your scores from school and standardized tests (Not just overall GPA, but employers actually look at class grades), so there is never really any reset button for a bad semester.
Possibly because of the importance of grades, educational scores are held in common conversation as a way of defining yourself. As an outsider without common test scores to compare, I’m routinely judged based on my past work at Microsoft, a much lauded employer that all Indians seem to hold as a holy grail. Others include educational institutions like the Indian Institution of Technology (IIT) and the Indian Institution of Management (IIM) and most any school of Medicine. All have exceedingly tough entrance parameters, and allow far less than 1% of applicants.
In the US, we define ourselves by our careers (”So, what do you do?”), our possessions (”He drives a Ferrari!”), and our hobbies (”He’s a rock climber.”), among other things. This exists here as well except maybe defining by hobbies. However, I’m consistently shocked by how often test scores come up. Possibly because they are often considered inappropriate topics of conversation in the US. (Of your group of friends, how many of their SAT scores do you know?)
A cousin of mine scored exceedingly well on an entrance exam to a post-grad program a few years back. Since initially hearing this a couple weeks back, I’ve been in contact with many family and friends who know him. I have not been in a single discussion that contained his name and did not contain his exact percentage score on the test. Interestingly, none of these discussions was he present for, nor has the topic come up directly with him.
I’m not yet sure how I feel about how education permeates the culture in this way. On one hand, it seems rather crude to compare people openly in such a black and white way. However, it does keep education at the top of everyone’s priority, which can only help India, as a whole.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Global Campaign for Education: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Program with the help of UNICEF in India

As part of the Mid-term Strategic Plan and the Millennium Development Goals priorities, UNICEF India is committed to ensuring quality education for all children, especially girls. The current Master Plan of Operations (MPO) in cooperation with the Government of India (2003-2007) supports the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the national plan for the universalization of elementary education, to ensure all children have access to quality education and complete a full course of primary schooling. The following key messages will be addressed

1). Achieving EFA depends on having enough teachers

2) teachers need to be professionally trained, adequately paid and well-motivated to achieve EFA goals

3) there must be sufficient financing for the expansion of education system

19 % of the total primary schools are single teacher schools in India catering to nearly 12% of the total enrolment in primary classes (DISE 2004). Systemic factors - lack of teachers (especially female), teacher absenteeism, irregular classes, overcrowded classrooms, and traditional methods of rote learning – have diminished the quality of teaching/learning and the support teachers and schools can provide children. As part of a growing move toward greater accountability and transparency, political leaders and administrators have begun to raise the issues of motivation and commitment among teachers and local administrators. While there have been great advances in access, there is a realization that challenges persist and many children actually leave primary school without learning the basic skills of reading and writing. While the literacy rate of the country has reported a sharp increase from 18.39% in 1950-51 to 65.38% in 2000 -2001, one-third of the population, or nearly 300 million people in the age group 7 years and above are still illiterate in the country. 42 million children in the age-group 6-14 years, do not attend school. There are also problems related to high drop out rates, low level of achievement, low participation of children from disadvantaged sections of society. Approximately 16.64 per cent villages of the country do not have facilities of primary schooling. There are other problem areas such as inadequate school infrastructure, non-availability of teachers in remote rural, hilly and tribal areas, high teacher absenteeism, large scale teacher vacancies, and inadequate allocation of resources on education to meet the expenditure. Within India, the teacher absence rate ranges from 15% in Maharashtra to 42% in Jharkhand. Again 16.29 per cent schools in the country still do not have two teachers. While Kerala has an average of 6 teachers in primary schools, in states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Rajasthan the average number of teachers is even lower than 2. Uttar Pradesh still faces difficulty to provide even a single teacher in 921 primary schools. The average Pupil Teacher Ratio for All India is 1:42. Bihar has the worst teacher pupil ratio at 1:83. Though enrolment rates have shot up, there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of teachers.


© UNICEF/India/2006
Systemic factors - lack of teachers (especially female), teacher absenteeism, irregular classes, overcrowded classrooms, and traditional methods of rote learning – have diminished the quality of teaching/learning
Teacher absence is more correlated with daily incentives to attend work: teachers are less likely to be absent at schools that have been inspected recently, that have better infrastructure, and that are closer to a paved road. Absence rates are generally higher in low-income states.
To overcome the problem of teacher shortage and teacher absenteeism the para teacher scheme has been introduced in India. Para educators are generally members of the same community in which they teach, and therefore, share many of the experiences and cultural practices of their students, including their primary languages and cultural practices. In India, the state of Rajasthan has successfully overcome the problem of both teacher shortage and teacher absenteeism through these para teachers under the 'Shiksha Karmi Project' which is also the origin of para teacher scheme in the country. In India, the state of Rajasthan has successfully overcome the problem of both teacher shortage and teacher absenteeism through para teachers. India at present has more than 500 thousand para teachers in a number of states. The Government has pursued a fivefold strategy since the 1990's to improve the quality of education in general. These include – improvement in the provision of infrastructure and human resources for primary education; provision of improved curriculum and teaching learning material; improvement in the quality of teaching learning process through the introduction of child centered pedagogy; attention to teacher capacity building, especially female teachers; and increased focus on specification and measurement of learners' achievement levels.
With increased involvement of community in management and running of schools, as well as enhanced teacher support and development, it is expected that the issue of absenteeism will be addressed in time to come.
With its partners, UNICEF is developing and demonstrating a replicable model of quality education that can be scaled up. The project is working to demonstrate the Quality Package in a number of schools and its impact on attendance, completion and learning; and to monitor, document and disseminate the costs, processes and impact of delivering the Quality Package.
The key activities for delivering the Quality Package are; (i) delineating quality in four key areas: school and classroom environment, teaching-learning processes, teacher support, school and community linkages; (ii) evaluating each school's situation to understand and develop plans on how best to reinforce school effectiveness and enhance student learning; (iii) curriculum development, teacher support and training, and strengthening community involvement; and (iv) developing a child-friendly environment by advocating for child-centered teaching-learning processes, creation of a school government and maintaining high hygiene and sanitation and safety standards.
As measurement of progress is very important, the District Information System in Education (DISE), a UNICEF-supported initiative, has emerged as the official computerized database for monitoring key education indicators (gross/net enrolment, school infrastructure, teachers) – covering 539 districts across India in 2005.
In collaboration with the Education Department of the Government of Gujarat, UNICEF has launched a Life Skills program in three districts of Gujarat, covering about 147 schools. A total number of 243 teachers have been trained. The four day training program equips the teachers with the ten basic life skills of self awareness, empathy, problem solving, decision making, effective communication, interpersonal relations, creative thinking, critical thinking, coping with emotions and coping with stress. This has already kick-started the process of turning class rooms into child friendly spaces, with no barriers between teachers and students.

Education in India

Education is divided into preprimary, primary, middle (or intermediate), secondary (or high school), and higher levels. Primary school includes children of ages six to eleven, organized into classes one through five. Middle school pupils aged eleven through fourteen are organized into classes six through eight, and high school student's ages fourteen through seventeen are enrolled in classes nine through twelve. Higher education includes technical schools, colleges, and universities.

Article 42 of the constitution, an amendment added in 1976, transferred education from the state list of responsibilities to the central government. Prior to this assumption of direct responsibility for promoting educational facilities for all parts of society, the central government had responsibility only for the education of minorities. Article 43 of the constitution set the goal of free and compulsory education for all children through age fourteen and gave the states the power to set standards for education within their jurisdictions. Despite this joint responsibility for education by state and central governments, the central government has the preponderant role because it drafts the five-year plans, which include education policy and some funding for education. Moreover, in 1986 the implementation of the National Policy on Education initiated a long-term series of programs aimed at improving India's education system by ensuring that all children through the primary level have access to education of comparable quality irrespective of caste, creed, location, or sex. The 1986 policy set a goal that, by 1990, all children by age eleven were to have five years of schooling or its equivalent in no formal education. By 1995 all children up to age fourteen were to have been provided free and compulsory education. The 1990 target was not achieved, but by setting such goals, the central government was seen as expressing its commitment to the ideal of universal education.

The Department of Education, part of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, implements the central government's responsibilities in educational matters. The ministry coordinates planning with the states, provides funding for experimental programs, and acts through the University Grants Commission and the National Council of Educational Research and Training. These organizations seek to improve education standards, develop and introduce instructional materials, and design textbooks in the country's numerous languages (see The Social Context of Language, ch. 4). The National Council of Educational Research and Training collects data about education and conducts educational research.

State-level ministries of education coordinate education programs at local levels. City school boards are under the supervision of both the state education ministry and the municipal government. In rural areas, either the district board or the panchayat (village council--see Glossary) oversees the school board (see Local Government, ch. 8). The significant role the panchayat play in education often means the politicization of elementary education because the appointment and transfer of teachers often become emotional political issues.

State governments provide most educational funding, although since independence the central government increasingly has assumed the cost of educational development as outlined under the five-year plans. India spends an average 3 percent of its GNP on education. Spending for education ranged between 4.6 and 7.7 percent of total central government expenditures from the 1950s through the 1970s. In the early 1980s, about 10 percent of central and state funds went to education, a proportion well below the average of seventy-nine other developing countries. More than 90 percent of the expenditure was for teachers' salaries and administration. Per capita budget expenditures increased from Rs36.5 in FY 1977 to Rs112.7 in FY 1986, with highest expenditures found in the union territories. Nevertheless, total expenditure per student per year by the central and state governments declined in real terms.

Education system in India

Our higher education system is widespread, and while the quality of it is very mixed, there are still a lot of people getting reasonable higher education.

In some fields, especially in technical education, the quality of what is offered is indeed fairly high. Against these "positives" stand the huge neglect of primary education and also secondary education, and of course - as already mentioned - the highly variable
quality of university education (some of it not worthy of that name).

The pitfalls of illiteracy include functional handicap, intellectual deprivation, and social disadvantage. When large groups are systematically neglected, like girls, especially from economic and social underdog families, the social penalties are gigantic.

The main causes of our uneven and highly unequal educational system are not technological underdevelopment but political and social neglect.

It is, of course, important for those who are masters of contemporary technology to take deep interest in removing the educational neglects that plague the country, but they have to look for the diverse ways and means of helping, rather than sticking only to their identities as "high technologists"!

Any sector that become as rapidly - and as convincingly - prosperous owes something to the rest of the society as well, but that is not the same thing as looking only to technology to solve all problems.

Technology can certainly help the spreading of education, for example in making the schooling of math easier and faster, and even in monitoring the attendance and accountability of teachers and of school officials , or in making communication of elementary math easier, but it is not the lack of a
"technological magic bullet" that is holding everything up.

The main "step" to take is to get on with it! The government has to speed things up. However, the government is not the only agency involved. Not only more money is needed in schooling - not just through raising salaries of teachers and officials - but also better organization of teaching and better practices (not minimal schooling with maximal private tuition!).

For this we need cooperation between many agencies: governments (at different levels), teachers' unions, parent-teacher committees, civil society in general.

We have gone into some of these issues in a few small reports of the Pratichi Trust - a small Trust that I was privileged to set up in 1999 with the help of my Nobel money, one in India and one in Bangladesh.

The Indian Trust is particularly involved in elementary schooling and elementary health care (the Bangladesh Pratichi Trust has tended to concentrate especially on gender equity, including the training of young women journalists from rural background).

Aside from policy revisions we have suggested, the Indian Trust organizes regular parent-teacher meetings at the state level (so far only in West Bengal though - we are still a small Trust), and we have also started arranging collaborative meetings with the teachers' unions to get their help in making the schools more effective and with greater accountability. The government does, of course, have a huge part to play, but other people and other organizations also have responsibility.

 

All of us believe education system in India is ailing and need serious consideration. What are we doing: blaming government, politicians, some x or some y? What is our contribution? Instead of blaming so and so, we need to work for up gradation of our nation's education.

I am not saying you can bring a drastic change but yes you can make difference in lives of few underprivileged.

Also I don't ask you to scarify your whole life for it. You have your own life and your own problems but I think us all can take at least a few hours a week for this cause instead lazing around.

We all should work for our nation. If we unite and work I am sure we will be ahead of every nation.

So friends let work and make India the future world leader.

Earth’s atmosphere

Origins of the Earth's Atmosphere

Scientists working at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) have identified the origin behind the upper atmospheric "hiss" that energizes the high-energy particles bouncing around inside Earth's radioactive Van Allen Belts. This is significant, as this has been a very long wait for answers to the origin of this low-frequency radio wave emission… after 40 years of looking, we may now have an answer…

The Van Allen Belts surrounding Earth can be a terrifying place for spacecraft and astronauts. Occupying a volume 200 km above the surface and can extend as far as seven Earth radii (over 44,000 km). These volumes of highly energetic particles are trapped by the Earth's magnetosphere, bouncing electrons and protons back and forth in their magnetic prison. The Van Allen Belts are variable and closely related to solar activity. As the solar wind hits the Earth's magnetosphere, solar wind particles will fall into the polar cusp regions, entering the atmosphere and creating aurora in Northern and Southern Polar regions (Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australia respectively). However, some particles are fed into the magnetosphere and become trapped between the onion skin-like layers of magnetic field lines and cannot escape.

This is how the Van Allen Belts are supplied, and the population of protons and electrons are expected to increase and become more energetic during solar storms. Although we know a lot about these regions, very little is known how the trapped electrons and protons are energized so much that they can penetrate lead up to 1 mm deep. This has obvious design implications for the thousands of satellites orbiting the Earth, and poses a serious health risk to astronauts spending long periods in space.

In new research published in Nature today, the UCLA research group believes they have found the origin of upper atmospheric "hiss". The hiss has radio wave frequencies and has been observed since early missions into space in the 1960s. Thought to originate from magnetic interactions in the magnetosphere itself, or even from intense lightning storm emissions into the upper atmosphere, definitive proof for the source of this strange phenomenon was proving very elusive. Putting classical ideas to one side, Jacob Bortnik's work focuses on a totally different form of electromagnetic wave called "chorus". This wave was thought to have no connection with radio hiss, but Bortnik proves that chorus waves, travelling many thousands of kilometres, can evolve into the hiss which characterizes the Van Allen Belts.

"Here, we show that a different wave type, called chorus, can propagate into the plasma sphere from tens of thousands of kilometers away and evolve into hiss. Our new model naturally accounts for the observed frequency band of hiss, its incoherent nature, its day-night asymmetry in intensity, its association with solar activity and its spatial distribution. The connection between chorus and hiss is very interesting because chorus is instrumental in the formation of high-energy electrons outside the plasma sphere, while hiss depletes these electrons at lower equatorial altitudes." – Jacob Bortnik.

The UCLA group was actually not researching the atmospheric hiss, but was working on chorus waves – that typically propagate outside the plasma sphere – and realized they could evolve into the "hiss" responsible for particle energization in the Van Allen Belts.

This research has massive consequences for the prediction of space weather. The conditions of the space between the Sun and Earth is very important when predicting the onset of a solar storm, but the reaction of the Earth's upper atmosphere is critical when understandings how potentially damaging particles are energized to such a large extent.

present education system in india

Education is the key of success. Education makes the man complete. In India there are many who are not educated at the primary level. Litracy rate is high in south india with respect to noth indian states. Literacy is a reasonably good indicator of development in a society. Spread and diffusion of literacy is generally associated with essential trait of today's civilization such as modernization, urbanization, industrialization, communication and commerce.For the purpose of census, a person aged seven and above, who can both read and write with any understanding in any language, is treated as literate. As per 2001 Census, the overall literacy rate of India is 65.38%. The male literacy rate is 75.96% and female literacy rate is 54.28%.